在人类生活的最初阶段，沟通被视为社会互动的过程，始终是达成当事方之间达成共识的最佳方法。在此过程中的理解和可信度对于相互协议的验证至关重要。但是，如何做到这一沟通才能达到巨大的群众？当寻求的是信息及其批准时，这是主要的挑战。在这种情况下，本研究介绍了ALT软件，该软件是由适应葡萄牙语的原始可读性指标开发的，以减少通信困难。该软件的开发是由哈贝马斯（Habermas）的沟通行动理论激励的，哈贝马斯（Habermas）使用多学科风格来衡量与公众建立和维持与公众建立和保持安全健康关系的沟通渠道中话语的可信度。 - 没有est \'agio da vida humana a comunica \ c {c} \ 〜ao，vista como um como um como um como de intera \ c {c} \ 〜ao社交，foi semper o melhor caminho para para para o consenso Entre作为partes。 o entendimento e credibilidade nesse processo s \ 〜Ao Fundamentais para para que o acordo m \'utuo seja seja valyado。 Mas，Como faz \^e-lo de forma que essa comunica \ c {c} \ 〜ao alcance a grande massa？ eSse \'o principtal desafio que se busca \'e difus \ 〜ao da informa \ c {c} \ 〜ao a sua aprova \ c {c {c} \ 〜ao。 Nesse Contectiono，Este estudo apresenta o Software Alt，desenvolvido a partir de m \'eTricas de legibilidade originais aDaptadas para a l \'ingua polduguesa，dispon \'ivel'ivel na web，para reduzir，dificuldades na comunica na comunica \ comunica \ c \ c} AO。 O desenvolvimento do software foi motivado pela teoria do agir comunicativo de Habermas, que faz uso de um estilo multidisciplinar para medir a credibilidade do discurso nos canais de comunica\c{c}\~ao utilizados para construir e manter uma rela\c{c } \ 〜Ao Segura E Saud \'avel com o p \'ublico。

Drug dosing is an important application of AI, which can be formulated as a Reinforcement Learning (RL) problem. In this paper, we identify two major challenges of using RL for drug dosing: delayed and prolonged effects of administering medications, which break the Markov assumption of the RL framework. We focus on prolongedness and define PAE-POMDP (Prolonged Action Effect-Partially Observable Markov Decision Process), a subclass of POMDPs in which the Markov assumption does not hold specifically due to prolonged effects of actions. Motivated by the pharmacology literature, we propose a simple and effective approach to converting drug dosing PAE-POMDPs into MDPs, enabling the use of the existing RL algorithms to solve such problems. We validate the proposed approach on a toy task, and a challenging glucose control task, for which we devise a clinically-inspired reward function. Our results demonstrate that: (1) the proposed method to restore the Markov assumption leads to significant improvements over a vanilla baseline; (2) the approach is competitive with recurrent policies which may inherently capture the prolonged effect of actions; (3) it is remarkably more time and memory efficient than the recurrent baseline and hence more suitable for real-time dosing control systems; and (4) it exhibits favorable qualitative behavior in our policy analysis.

Sunquakes are seismic emissions visible on the solar surface, associated with some solar flares. Although discovered in 1998, they have only recently become a more commonly detected phenomenon. Despite the availability of several manual detection guidelines, to our knowledge, the astrophysical data produced for sunquakes is new to the field of Machine Learning. Detecting sunquakes is a daunting task for human operators and this work aims to ease and, if possible, to improve their detection. Thus, we introduce a dataset constructed from acoustic egression-power maps of solar active regions obtained for Solar Cycles 23 and 24 using the holography method. We then present a pedagogical approach to the application of machine learning representation methods for sunquake detection using AutoEncoders, Contrastive Learning, Object Detection and recurrent techniques, which we enhance by introducing several custom domain-specific data augmentation transformations. We address the main challenges of the automated sunquake detection task, namely the very high noise patterns in and outside the active region shadow and the extreme class imbalance given by the limited number of frames that present sunquake signatures. With our trained models, we find temporal and spatial locations of peculiar acoustic emission and qualitatively associate them to eruptive and high energy emission. While noting that these models are still in a prototype stage and there is much room for improvement in metrics and bias levels, we hypothesize that their agreement on example use cases has the potential to enable detection of weak solar acoustic manifestations.

Benchmark performance of deep learning classifiers alone is not a reliable predictor for the performance of a deployed model. In particular, if the image classifier has picked up spurious features in the training data, its predictions can fail in unexpected ways. In this paper, we develop a framework that allows us to systematically identify spurious features in large datasets like ImageNet. It is based on our neural PCA components and their visualization. Previous work on spurious features of image classifiers often operates in toy settings or requires costly pixel-wise annotations. In contrast, we validate our results by checking that presence of the harmful spurious feature of a class is sufficient to trigger the prediction of that class. We introduce a novel dataset "Spurious ImageNet" and check how much existing classifiers rely on spurious features.

Contrastive learning has emerged as a competitive pretraining method for object detection. Despite this progress, there has been minimal investigation into the robustness of contrastively pretrained detectors when faced with domain shifts. To address this gap, we conduct an empirical study of contrastive learning and out-of-domain object detection, studying how contrastive view design affects robustness. In particular, we perform a case study of the detection-focused pretext task Instance Localization (InsLoc) and propose strategies to augment views and enhance robustness in appearance-shifted and context-shifted scenarios. Amongst these strategies, we propose changes to cropping such as altering the percentage used, adding IoU constraints, and integrating saliency based object priors. We also explore the addition of shortcut-reducing augmentations such as Poisson blending, texture flattening, and elastic deformation. We benchmark these strategies on abstract, weather, and context domain shifts and illustrate robust ways to combine them, in both pretraining on single-object and multi-object image datasets. Overall, our results and insights show how to ensure robustness through the choice of views in contrastive learning.

扬声器在彼此保持一致的过程中建立了融洽的关系。在指导域材料的同时，已经证明了与教师的融洽关系，以促进学习。过去关于教育领域的词汇一致性的工作都在量化对齐方式的措施和与代理对齐的相互作用的类型中都遭受了限制。在本文中，我们采用基于数据驱动的共享表达式概念（可能由多个单词组成）的对齐措施，并比较一对一的人类机器人（H-R）相互作用的对齐方式与协作人类人类的H-R部分中的对齐方式-Orobot（H-H-R）相互作用。我们发现，H-R设置中的学生与H-H-R设置相比，与可教的机器人保持一致，并且词汇一致性和融洽关系之间的关系比以前的理论和经验工作所预测的要复杂。

近年来，已经开发了用于图像分类的新型体系结构组件，从变压器中使用的注意力和斑块开始。尽管先前的作品已经分析了建筑成分某些方面对对抗性攻击的鲁棒性，尤其是视觉变形金刚的影响，但对主要因素的理解仍然是有限的。我们比较了几个（非）固定分类器与不同的架构并研究其属性，包括对抗训练对学习特征的解释性和对看不见威胁模型的鲁棒性的影响。从Resnet到Convnext的消融揭示了关键的架构变化，导致$ 10 \％$更高$ \ ell_ \ ell_ \ infty $ bobustness。

对抗性补丁攻击是现实世界深度学习应用程序的新兴安全威胁。我们提出了戴定的平滑，这是第一种（符合我们的知识），以证明语义分割模型与此威胁模型的鲁棒性。以前关于防御补丁攻击的辩护的工作主要集中在图像分类任务上，并且经常需要更改模型体系结构和其他培训，而这些培训是不受欢迎且计算上昂贵的。在被删除的平滑度中，可以在没有特定培训，微调或限制体系结构的情况下应用任何分割模型。使用不同的掩盖策略，可以将拔掉的平滑措施应用于认证检测和认证恢复。在广泛的实验中，我们表明，在检测任务中，平均可以证明1％补丁的像素预测的64％，而在ADE20K数据集中恢复任务的0.5％贴片为48％。

近年来，深度学习（DL）算法的使用改善了基于视觉的空间应用的性能。但是，生成大量的注释数据来培训这些DL算法已被证明具有挑战性。虽然可以使用合成生成的图像，但在实际环境中测试时，经过合成数据训练的DL模型通常容易受到性能降解。在这种情况下，卢森堡大学的安全，可靠性和信任（SNT）跨学科中心开发了“ SNT Zero-G Lab”，用于在模拟现实世界太空环境的条件下培训和验证基于视觉的空间算法。 SNT Zero-G实验室开发的一个重要方面是设备选择。从实验室开发过程中学到的经验教训，本文提出了一种系统的方法，将市场调查和设备选择的实验分析结合在一起。特别是，本文专注于太空实验室中的图像采集设备：背景材料，相机和照明灯。实验分析的结果表明，在太空实验室开发项目中选择有效的设备选择需要通过实验分析来称赞的市场调查。

数据集的质量在成功培训和部署深度学习模型中起着至关重要的作用。特别是在系统性能可能影响患者健康状况的医疗领域，干净的数据集是可靠预测的安全要求。因此，在构建自主临床决策系统时，离群值检测是一个必不可少的过程。在这项工作中，我们评估了自组织图对外离检测的适用性，专门针对包含白细胞定量相图像的医学数据集。我们根据量化误差和距离图检测和评估异常值。我们的发现证实了自组织地图对于手头数据集的无监督分布检测的适​​用性。根据专家领域知识，自组织地图与手动指定的过滤器相同。此外，它们在探索和清洁医疗数据集的工具方面显示了希望。作为未来研究的方向，我们建议将自组织地图和基于深度学习的特征提取的结合。